Orality and Literacy
書籍簡介:
作者Ong在本書中探討文字科技從口傳到書寫的進程,探討在這個演進的過程中,媒介如何影響人類的思維模式。 這本書是傳播學的重要著作,而我們現處的影像時代被定義為「第二口語階段」。作者藉由媒體特質界定文學性,以這樣的觀點談論文學理論可說十分特殊。 |
本書目錄:
GENERAL EDITOR’S PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Introduction
1 The orality of language
The literate mind and the oral past
Did you say ‘oral literature’?
2 The modern discovery of primary oral cultures
Early awareness of oral tradition
The Homeric question
Milman Parry’s discovery
Consequent and related worl
3 Some psychodynamics of orality
Sounded word as power and action
You know what you can recall: mnemonics and formulas
Further characteristics of orally based thought and expression
(i) Additive rather than subordinative
(ii) Aggregative rather than analytic
(iii) Redundant or ‘copious’
(iv) Conservative or traditionalist
(v) Close to the human lifeworld
(vi) Agonistically toned
(vii) Empathetic and participatory rather than objectively distanced
(viii) Homeostatic
(ix) Situational rather than abstract
Oral memorization
Verbomotor lifestyle
The noetic role of heroic ‘heavy’ figures and of the bizarre
The interiority of sound
Orality, community and the sacral
Words are not signs
4 Writing restructures consciousness
The new world of autonomous discourse
Plato, writing and computers
Writing is a technology
What is ‘writing’ or ‘script’?
Many scripts but only one alphabet
The onset of literacy
From memory to written records
Some dynamics of textuality
Distance, precision, grapholects and magnavocabularies
Interactions: rhetoric and the places
Interactions: learned languages
Tenaciousness of orality
5 Print, space and closure
Hearing-dominance yields to sight-dominance
Space and meaning
(i) Indexes
(ii) Books, contents and labels
(iii) Meaningful surface
(iv) Typographic space
More diffuse effects
Print and closure: intertextuality
Post-typography: electronics
6 Oral memory, the story line and characterization
The primacy of the story line
Narrative and oral cultures
Oral memory and the story line
Closure of plot: travelogue to detective story
The ‘round’ character, writing and print
7 Some theorems
Literary history
New Criticism and Formalism
Structuralism
Textualists and deconstructionists
Speech-act and reader-response theory
Social sciences, philosophy, biblical studies
Orality, writing and being human
‘Media’ versus human communication
The inward turn: consciousness and the text
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX