Orality and Literacy

 

書籍簡介:

 

作者Ong在本書中探討文字科技從口傳到書寫的進程,探討在這個演進的過程中,媒介如何影響人類的思維模式。

這本書是傳播學的重要著作,而我們現處的影像時代被定義為「第二口語階段」。作者藉由媒體特質界定文學性,以這樣的觀點談論文學理論可說十分特殊。

 

 

本書目錄:

 

GENERAL EDITOR’S PREFACE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

 

Introduction

1     The orality of language

           The literate mind and the oral past

           Did you say ‘oral literature’?

2     The modern discovery of primary oral cultures

           Early awareness of oral tradition

           The Homeric question

            Milman Parry’s discovery

           Consequent and related worl

3     Some psychodynamics of orality

           Sounded word as power and action

           You know what you can recall: mnemonics and formulas

           Further characteristics of orally based thought and expression

                (i)         Additive rather than subordinative

                (ii)         Aggregative rather than analytic

                (iii)        Redundant or ‘copious’

                (iv)        Conservative or traditionalist

                (v)        Close to the human lifeworld

                (vi)        Agonistically toned

                (vii)        Empathetic and participatory rather than objectively distanced

                (viii)        Homeostatic

                (ix)        Situational rather than abstract

           Oral memorization

           Verbomotor lifestyle

           The noetic role of heroic ‘heavy’ figures and of the bizarre

           The interiority of sound

           Orality, community and the sacral

           Words are not signs

4     Writing restructures consciousness

           The new world of autonomous discourse

           Plato, writing and computers

            Writing is a technology

            What is ‘writing’ or ‘script’?

            Many scripts but only one alphabet

           The onset of literacy

           From memory to written records

           Some dynamics of textuality

           Distance, precision, grapholects and magnavocabularies

           Interactions: rhetoric and the places

           Interactions: learned languages

           Tenaciousness of orality

5     Print, space and closure

           Hearing-dominance yields to sight-dominance

           Space and meaning

                (i)        Indexes

                (ii)        Books, contents and labels

                (iii)        Meaningful surface

                (iv)        Typographic space

           More diffuse effects

           Print and closure: intertextuality

    Post-typography: electronics

6     Oral memory, the story line and characterization

           The primacy of the story line

           Narrative and oral cultures

           Oral memory and the story line

           Closure of plot: travelogue to detective story

           The ‘round’ character, writing and print

7     Some theorems

           Literary history

           New Criticism and Formalism

           Structuralism

           Textualists and deconstructionists

           Speech-act and reader-response theory

           Social sciences, philosophy, biblical studies

           Orality, writing and being human

           ‘Media’ versus human communication

           The inward turn: consciousness and the text 

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INDEX